Can functional brain imaging be used to explore interactivity and cognition in multimedia learning environments?

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Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G. & Bennett, S. (2010). Can functional brain imaging be used to explore interactivity and cognition in multimedia learning environments?. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 21(3), 317-342. Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
Retrieved from http://www.editlib.org/p/29543.

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Journal Information

Journal of Interactive Learning Research
ISSN 1093-023X
Volume 21, Issue 3, July 2010
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)  Chesapeake, VA

More Information on JILR

Authors

Barney Dalgarno, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Gregor Kennedy, University of Melbourne, Australia; Sue Bennett, University of Wollongong, Australia

Abstract

This paper reviews existing methods used to address questions about interactivity, cognition and learning in multimedia learning environments. Existing behavioural and self-report methods identified include observations, audit trails, questionnaires, interviews, video-stimulated recall, and think-aloud protocols. The limitations of these methods are examined, highlighting the problems with using behavioural information to speculate about the cognitive activity that is occurring; the difficulties posed by relying on the correct interpretation of questions or accurate recall of past events; and the potential for the data collection methods to have an impact on cognition as it is occurring. Functional brain imaging techniques offer a complement to the existing methods, but possess a number of inherent methodological constraints. The specific constraints emerging from a recent pilot study carried out by the authors are discussed in detail, including: limitations on learner-computer interaction because of the need to use MRI compatible input devices; activation from motor tasks potentially confounding the results of comparisons between cognition occurring during interactive and non-interactive resources; visual differences between multimedia conditions potentially confounding the results due to activation associated with the visual processing; and problems with the provision of ‘baseline’ or ‘rest’ conditions for comparison purposes during holistic problem-based tasks. Despite these constraints it is argued that the use of functional imaging techniques within this field of research has significant potential.

Keywords

• Research Methods
• Cognition
• Interaction
• Human Computer Interaction
• Multimedia

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